Cameras
For camera scanning, you need an interchangeable lens digital camera and a high-quality macro lens capable of reproducing images at a 1:1 magnification ratio or greater in a RAW file format (e.g., .RAW, .NEF, .CRW, .ARW). The camera you choose dictates the resolution, color depth, and dynamic range of the digital files you can extract from your film. Thankfully, almost any digital camera made in the last 10 years will suffice, with diminishing returns on cost once you exceed 20-24MP for 35mm film (i.e. you'll start getting two or three pixels for every film grain, but no actual gain in detail from the image). I only recently added a high-resolution (42MP) camera to my collection, primarily to enhance sharpness for medium format film and allow for tighter cropping during post-processing without needing to re-scan.
Some desirable features to look for include:
- High-quality “live view”: This feature, especially with digital zoom, allows you to see film grain and achieve precise focus while scanning. All mirrorless cameras include this, as do most digital SLRs from the last 10-15 years.
- “Flippy screen”: A screen that flips out, up, or to the side is beneficial for ergonomic setups. It’s particularly helpful when mounting the camera vertically or positioning it horizontally on a table.
- In-camera charging or USB power delivery (PD): If you plan extended scanning sessions, being able to charge the battery or supply power directly via USB or a dedicated cable can save time and effort, especially if the battery compartment is hard to access.
- External manual controls: Having physical controls for settings like ISO, shutter speed, and aperture enhances workflow by reducing the need to navigate menus. Cameras that allow settings adjustments directly on the body or lens are ideal.
Lenses
The most critical factor when selecting a lens is its reproduction ratio. A macro lens capable of at least 1:1 magnification ensures your 35mm film will fill the frame. Higher magnification ratios offer more flexibility in positioning your lens while maintaining critical focus.
Another essential consideration is focal length or field of view. The focal length determines the working distance—how far the camera needs to be from the film to fill the frame. Larger focal lengths (e.g., 60mm) provide more distance, while shorter ones require closer positioning. Striking a balance is key: too close, and your lens might touch the film holder; too far, and vibrations could cause blur due to increased sensitivity to movement.
Additionally, ensure your lens is compatible with your camera and sensor. Lenses designed for crop sensors (APS-C) have a smaller field of view for the same focal length and may cause vignetting on full-frame cameras. Personally, I prefer lenses with a 60mm focal length equivalent on full-frame sensors (40mm on APS-C).
Modern macro lenses from reputable manufacturers are among the sharpest available. Options from Nikon, Canon, Sony, and Fujifilm—even those made in the last 40 years—will work well if properly maintained. Budget-friendly imported lenses are also worth exploring, but check reviews and sample images to ensure quality.
Recommendations for Camera and Lens Combinations
Valoi, a brand I use and trust for film holders, offers a helpful resource page with suggested cameras and lenses for camera scanning. This is a great starting point if you’re adapting your current gear or buying new equipment.
My Personal Cameras + Lenses
The Nikon Zfc is an excellent crop-sensor (APS-C) mirrorless camera (~$950 new, body only) with a 20.9MP sensor. Its design is inspired by the classic Nikon FM series, making it a joy to use. Key settings for exposure are accessible without menus, visible from the top of the camera when mounted vertically. Other Nikon models, such as the Z50, Z30, D500, and D7500, offer similar image quality at different price points.
The TTArtisan APS-C 40mm F2.8 MACRO is an affordable (~$100 new) manual focus macro lens offering a 60mm equivalent field of view. Solidly built with a metal body, it features a clicked aperture ring for easy adjustments. Image quality is excellent, and the lens performs on par with much pricier options. Opting for this lens allowed me to allocate savings toward film stock, such as Kodak Gold 200 and Kentmere Pan 100 & 400.
This setup, new to me for 2025, pairs the well-regarded Sony A7R II (~$550-650 used), a 42MP full-frame mirrorless camera, with an off-brand Nikon-to-Sony adapter and the Nikon 60mm Micro AF-D lens. The Nikon 60mm Micro AF-D not only excels for scanning but is also compatible with my Nikon F-mount SLR bodies, ensuring versatility for future macro projects.
Learn More
